唐迟阅读理解做题方法

阅读理解之所以做不对,把它当成翻译了,翻译没问题依然做不对题.阅读理解≠翻译

先题后文,只看题干

1)大写,人名,地名,时间,年代,数字

2.串联题干间逻辑,推测文章主题

1.做阅读理解很重要一点,要读带有感情色彩强烈得形容词或副词.

1 、学会抓作者的态度

adj 形容词;adv 副词

2 、句子间的逻辑关系

段落间的逻辑关系

3.因果:because ,since,as,for

当since,as,for跟着句子时候,表示原因.

derive from ， originate from;

Stem from;result from

owing to ; due to ； attribute to contribute to               原因

干扰选项不好设计得,很强得迷惑人

定语从句表示因果关系(解释说明)

阅读文章时区分管带你和举例

抓文章框架时,观点仔细分析,举例迅速略读.

做题不要自己去理解,选项每个字和文中对比.

干扰选顶特征

A history of long and effortless success

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towa rds this goal

it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before

3.答非所问:审题能力

4.不同内容的嫁接.

2000年text3第67题[B]选项

[D] A long history of success may pave th e way for furth erdevelopment.

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress

6 、绝对化用词： only must exclusively n ever all

正确答案特征

💞2.与中心思想密切相关

细节服从主旨

3.语气缓和:some may partly.

May(80%都是对的)

专题讲解之

标点符号的运用

两个逗号之间,或一个逗号之后为补充说明的成分,非主干

00.1  2段… ...the making of semiconductors ， which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age,was gong to be the next casualty.

96-5 1 段 "Scientific" creationism ,which is being pushed by some for equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolutionare given, is based on religion, not sclence.

冒号前后 ,一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容解释前面的内容。

97-3  60. The word "pervasive" (line 1 ，paragraph 2 ） might mean (A)

[A] widespread [B] overwhelming

[C] piercing       [D] fashionable

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a

headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette forthe nerves.

It neve r rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their

worst accounting and compliance

troubles, and improved their feeble

corporation governance, a new problem

threatens to earn them 一 especially in

America 一 the sort  of nasty headlines

that inevitably lead to heads rolling in

the executive suite: data insecurity.  

前面的等于冒号后面的内容

07-4 30.36,The statement never rains but it pours is used to introduce (逻辑重要性)

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss-board relations.

[C] the threat fro m news reports.

[ D] the severity of data leakage

分号:分号前后为并列关系(分号前面和后面内容一样)

Death is normal；we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived.

97-53 段 This is no flash in

the pan ；(昙花一现) over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

69.The sentence "This is no flash in

the pan" (line 4 / paragraph 3 ） means

[A] the low inflation rate will last for

[B] the inflation rate will soon rise

[C] the inflation will disappear quickly

[D]there is no inflation at present

引号:1)引用    2)反语或意语转移

96-5  1段 "Scientific"(反语作用) creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are glven, is based on religion, not science ·

67."Creationism" in the passage refers to

[A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe

[B ] a notion of the creation of religion

[C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation

[D] the decepti ve theory about the origin of the universe.

----------------------------------------------

The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After

a "cooling off"， period of seven days,the patient can sign acertificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for dea th can be met.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin…

97-1 53 ， When Lloyd Nickson dies ， he will

[A] face his death with calm charactenstic of euthanasia

[B ] experience the suffermg of a lung cancer patient

[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering

[D]undergo a cooling off period of seven days.

D选项错在和原文一样,直接把引号去掉,意思就相反了.

4.2008年真题Text 4何凯文阅读114页 美国先父与奴隶制度

①For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves.

②Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America.

③The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

39.    Which of the following is true according to the text? A.

[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.

[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.

[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.

[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

C和D错在文中加双引号,去掉双引号意思和原文相反了

1 .标 志 ： example case illustrate demonstrate  to show   to_____ ♥

2.例子本身不重要,重要的时例 子所支持的观点,观点一般在例子前,有时也在例子后

3.干扰选项:就事论事:就是论事

2000年text5第68题.

01 -2  57 .The writer mentioned the case of the Umted States to justify the policy of.

[A] providing financial support overseas

[B ] preventing foreign capital's control

[C] building indu strial infrastructure (在例子中出现排除)

[D] accepting foreign investment

4 段 To take advantage of this tool, some Impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.

对外国投资有偏见是不对的,所以要接受外国投资,选D.

Countries that still think foreign investment is an Invasion of th eir soverei gnty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic

structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,

前一句是观点,后两句是例子

2.should 表示“相反" 的逻辑关系.

中心思想题

mainly about /discuss the best title.

1)串线:将各段首末句串成一个整体,注意转折处

2)中心句:文章开头的提问,对它的回答,是文章中心独句段

3)中心词:文中反复高频出现的词.

第 1 段 Being a man has always been dangerous…Since much ofthe variation is

due to genes, one more agent of evolution

第 2 段· There is another way to commit

evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have

第3段 For US, this means that evolution is

over, the biological Utopia has arrived ，

00-2 58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution

[B] Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution.

[C] The Evolutionary Future Of Nature.

[D] Human Evolution Going Nowhere.

1)用串线法选D.

2)中心句:文章开头的提问,对它的回答,是文章中心独句段

3)中心词:文中反复高频出现的词.

中心思想题干扰选顶特征

1 、范围太小---片面

2 、范围太大---回头作文 (难度大)

类似设计思路 97-4  02-1

1.标志:attitude deem consider tone

2.方法:选项词汇归纳

1)正面:positive optimistic approval supportive

2 ）负面： negative pessimistic disapproval critical doubtful suspicious skeptical questionable

3)中立:neural objective impartial disinterested(公正的).

错误答案(小墓碑选项)

uninterested unconcerned indifferent

confused puzzled

biased prejudice contemptuous subjective

3、当作者的态度没有明确提出时:

4)情态动词之后( should must could...)

1.标志： " ？??“（ Line · paragraph ） mostprobably means

2 、方法：通过定位好的句子，根据逻辑关系找同义词或反义词(前后句对应的成分)

3 、干扰选顶特征：字面意思理解(如果见到简单次词,如初中单词,排除常用的意思选项)

Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.

agent 是主语,it代表agent,两to to 前面相等,选D.

43.    The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.

[A] advisory

[B] compensation

[C] interaction

[D] reminder

1 .标志： Infer,learn from,imply,suggest ， conclude

细节 / 主旨 / 逻辑

推理多在转折处

①A history of long and effortless(与A项得painstaking相反) success can be a dreadful (♥adj阅读理解形容词很重要)handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.

②When the United States entered just such a glowing (adj)period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.

③ Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled.

④America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

不好 ,但是,好了。 真的好。好的不得了。

51.    The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

52.    The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.D

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

(错在had been 没有已经被接管,时岌岌可危.)

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

(错had没有已经奔溃,文中命悬一线,还有)

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market (语气缓和)

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings (结论)were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

①How things have changed!

② In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.

③Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.

④ Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.

自我怀疑已经屈服于盲目自信.(承上启下的作用),

 “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”

51.    The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

52.    The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

53.    What can be inferred from the passage? (不要去理解,答案可以找到)

[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.没有提到人性,后半句对的

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.最佳答案,原文反复出现competition,主题为王

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.没有提到合作,提到竞争.

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.不选不代表错,有一个选项比它更好一些,选最佳答案,

⭐54.    The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________. A.

B和C和作者得观点正好相反,

[A] turning of the business cycle

[B] restructuring of industry

[C] improved business management

[D] success in education (幻觉)

Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now(重要程度丝毫不逊于but:时间相反,一切相反

①与中心相关②与正确答案相关.), boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important(与中心相关), another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. removed 和has gone 高度保持一致都是消失

不同概念表达同一内容

There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years ——(破折号相当于逗号) even the pass 100 years —— our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.

55.    What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?

Used to 过去常常…现在不这样了.

[A] A lack of mates.

[B] A fierce competition.

[C] A lower survival rate.(文中死亡率很高,对应存活率很低)

[D] A defective gene.有缺陷的基因

56.    What does the example of India illustrate?B.

[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.

[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. 

 Natural selection在文中也多次出现.主题为王

[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.×

[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.×

先排除C和D,因为这两个选项都在句子中.

例证题

1 .标 志 ： example case illustrate demonstrate  to show to

2.例子本身不重要,重要的时例子所支持的观点,观点一般在例子前,有时也在例子后

3.干扰选项:就事论事:就是论事

57.    The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.

[A] life has been improved by technological advance

[B] the number of female babies has been declining

[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution

3.答非所问:审题能力

[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

58.    Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[A] Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution

[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution

[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature

[D] Human Evolution Going Nowhere

B和D互为相反选项.往往有正确答案.

67.    It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.A

[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices

[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power5 、非最佳答案

[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material

[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous

B选项也对但是没有A选项好,A选项returns 概括了整句话

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy(虚伪的) in this,(观点) a case of(例证题,例证词出现在文中后面是例子前面是观点) closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.(例子)

68.    The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is _____C___.

[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out

[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal ,dishonest与hypocrisy(虚伪的)同义改写

[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.(并没有减少兴趣,说明感兴趣) Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.

Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic(说的) of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

说和做的正好相反,所以相反的

The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.

Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

 get on in life 出人头地

67.    It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.

[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices

[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power

[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material

[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous

68.    The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.

[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out

[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal

[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

69.    Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.

[A] they think of it as immoral

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

♥70.    From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ____B____. should be说明现实和理想正好相反

2.should 表示“相反" 的逻辑关系.

[A] secretly and vigorously

[B] openly and enthusiastically

[C] easily and momentarily

[D] verbally and spiritually

2.should 表示“相反" 的逻辑关系.

①To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”

② One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.

③Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public(妖言惑众) and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.

表达作者观点还有need to

46.    The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ____A____.

先排除例子当中的B和D.

[A] call on scientists to take some actions

[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement

④Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.

⑤Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

①For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.

② Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” (反对yes,I would oppose)Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”

Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.例子

48.    The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s _____B___.

Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.例子

confusing the public

 few people understand

都说明了观点

[A] discontent with animal research

[B] ignorance about medical science

[C] indifference to epidemics

[D] anxiety about animal rights

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

46.    The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.

[A] call on scientists to take some actions

[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement

47.    Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.

[A] cruel but natural

[B] inhuman and unacceptable

[C] inevitable but vicious

[D] pointless and wasteful

48.    The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.

[A] discontent with animal research

[B] ignorance about medical science

[C] indifference to epidemics

[D] anxiety about animal rights

49.    The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.

2.should 表示“相反" 的逻辑关系.

[A] communicate more with the public

[B] employ hi-tech means in research

[C] feel no shame for their cause

[D] strive to develop new cures

50.    From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.

[A] a well-known humanist

[B] a medical practitioner

[C] an enthusiast in animal rights

[D] a supporter of animal research

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious (不明显的)form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

:冒号和全文中心密切相关.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman.

1.判断:先找谓语动词,看之前的成分能否做主语(名词,代词,动名词,不定式,从句)如果不能免责为倒装句(形容词,副词,分词,介词)

2.处理时,再到回来,

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

46.    What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?  A.容易被忽视的歧视.

 But one insidious (不明显的)form continues to thrive

[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.

[B] A type of conspicuous bias.

明显的与A相反.

[C] A type of personal prejudice.

[D] A kind of brand discrimination.

互为相反中的选项往往有正确答案.

47.    What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?D.

But one insidious (不明显的)form continues to thrive

[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.

[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.

[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.

[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

太微小以至于被忽略.

Some ,may ,cay语气缓和的词,优先选择.

48.    The 4th paragraph suggests that ________. C,主题为王

[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students

[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class:

[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students 

老师应该关注所有的学生,说明老师关注一些学生,而没有关注所有的学生.

[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight

49.    What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?B.

[A] They are getting impatient.

[B] They are noisily dozing off.

[C] They are feeling humiliated.

[D] They are busy with word puzzles.

50.    Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.

[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.只说了好处,没有说歧视

[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. 自己的推理,没有去解决

[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

D细节服从主旨,与全文讨论的中心最接近.

2003年 Text 4

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. (例子前面时观点.)The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

57.    The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that _____A___.例子

[A] medical resources are often wasted

                        it’s useless

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases

[C] some treatments are too aggressive

例子里面的内容

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable

In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.

58.    The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.

I would not go that far,不会走那么远,说明还走,说要有所保留的同意,选B

[A] strong disapproval

[B] reserved consent

[C] slight contempt

[D] enthusiastic support

Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.

 I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have

59.    In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.D.

[A] more flexibly

[B] more extravagantly

[C] more cautiously

小心的,没有表明效果

[D] more reasonably

56.    What is implied in the first sentence?

[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.

[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.

[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

57.    The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.

[A] medical resources are often wasted

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases

[C] some treatments are too aggressive

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable

58.    The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.

[A] strong disapproval

[B] reserved consent

[C] slight contempt

[D] enthusiastic support

59.    In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.

[A] more flexibly

[B] more extravagantly

[C] more cautiously

[D] more reasonably

60.    The text intends to express the idea that ________.

[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives

[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living

[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life

[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

41.To make your humor work, you should ________.

1. take advantage of different kinds of audience
2. make fun of the disorganized people
3. address different problems to different people
4. show sympathy for your listeners

42.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _____B___.

1. impolite to new arrivals
2. very conscious of their godlike role
3. entitled to some privileges

   3.答非所问:审题能力没有提到特权,根题干无关,在护士眼中医生没有特权.

4. very busy even during lunch hours

43.It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.

1. have benefited many people
2. are the focus of public attention
3. are an inappropriate subject for humor
4. have often been the laughing stock

44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.

1. in well-worded language
2. as awkwardly as possible
3. in exaggerated statements
4. as casually as possible

45.The best title for the text may be ________.

1. Use Humor Effectively
2. Various Kinds of Humor 回头作文,排除
3. Add Humor to Speech  没有将到speech ,讲talk,排除
4.  Different Humor Strategies

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science”(引号说明意识发生了改变) in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.

Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.

60.    Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to _____D___.

[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power

[B] show the author’s sympathy with scientists

[C] explain the way in which science develops

[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities  科学与文化之间不和谐

Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

61.    Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. 环保人士是反科学,在批评他们 ,下过下段第一句可以看出

[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.

[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.

[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.

[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable.

The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘anti-science’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”

59.    The word “schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means _C._______.

[A] confrontation

[B] dissatisfaction

[C] separation 同division

[D] contempt

60.    Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to ________.

[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power

[B] show the author’s sympathy with scientists

[C] explain the way in which science develops

[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities

61.    Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.

[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.

[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.

[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable.

62.    The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is ________.

[B] subjective

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.

51.    By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________. D.

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit

自己字面理解

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation

在52题也可以看出,

Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

52.    How do the public feel about the current economic situation? A.

[A] Optimistic.

[B] Confused.

[C] Carefree.

[D] Panicked.

Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate(不动产) broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

53.    When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.B.

[A] gold market

[B] real estate

[C] stock exchange

[D] venture investment

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

54.    Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown? A.

B,C,和D都没错,A把B,C和D都包括了.

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.

51.    By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation

52.    How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

[A] Optimistic.

[B] Confused.

[D] Panicked.

53.    When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.

[A] gold market

[B] real estate

[C] stock exchange

[D] venture investment

54.    Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.

[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.

[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.

[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.

55.    To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] A new boom, on the horizon.

[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.

[C] Caution all right, panic not.

[D] The more ventures, the more chances.

When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.

67.    Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1? B.

[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.

[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.

prompted=compelled 被动

[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.

文章中lateral movepromptedabandon my relatively 促进了

而选项mean等同于,意思不同

[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.

In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting -- also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.

While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.

67.    Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?

[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.

[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.

[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.

[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

68.    The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.

[A] enables her to realize her dream

[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life

[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status

[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine

69.    “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.

[A] non-materialistic lifestyle

[B] a bit of everything

[C] extreme stress

[D] anti-consumerism

70.    According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.

[A] the quick pace of modern life

[B] man’s adventurous spirit

[C] man’s search for mythical experiences

[D] the economic situation

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

51.    According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.

[A] cost reduction is based on competition

[B] services call for cross-trade coordination

[C] outside competitors will continue to exist  外部竞争力卡车

[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat

与文章相反

and the railroads therefore have them by the throat

The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

53.    It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________. C.

[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad

[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide

[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief

[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business

Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.

Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

51.    According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.

[A] cost reduction is based on competition

[B] services call for cross-trade coordination

[C] outside competitors will continue to exist

[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat

52.    What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?

[A] Indifferent.

[B] Supportive.

[C] Indignant.

[D] Apprehensive.

53.    It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.

[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad

[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide

[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief

[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business

54.    The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.

[A] who work as coordinators

[B] who function as judges

[C] who supervise transactions

[D] who determine the price

55.    According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.

[A] the continuing acquisition

[B] the growing traffic

[C] the cheering Wall Street

[D] the shrinking market